Foreshortening

The book defines Foreshortening as "the modification of perspective to decrease distortion resulting from the apparent visual contraction of an object or figure as it extends backward from the picture plane at an angle approaching the perpendicular."

The image above is "Reclining Nude on Green Couch" by Philip Pearlstein. It is a painting that was done in 1971. It is a good example of foreshortening because the reclining position of the subject caused the artist to distort perspective by resizing parts of the body such as making the lower leg in the forefront much larger than the arms and head in the distance.